Simplify enum testing with CaseIterative

Nov 9, 2018
#swift #testing

In this post, I will show how to reduce the amount of code you have to type when testing enums, by using the new CaseIterable protocol.

Testing non-iterable enums

Consider this UserNotification enum and Notification.Name extension:

enum UserNotification: String {
    
    case
    didLogin,
    didLogout,
    loginStateDidChange
    
    var id: String {
        return "notifications.user.\(rawValue)"
    }
}

extension Notification.Name {
    
    static func user(_ notification: UserNotification) -> Notification.Name {
        return Notification.Name(rawValue: notification.id)
    }
}

Separate tests for each enum case

To test this enum, we could write a lot of code to test all enum cases, for instance (in the code below, I use Quick and Nimble):

import Quick
import Nimble
import MyLibrary

class UserNotificationsTests: QuickSpec {
    
    override func spec() {

        describe("id") {
            
            it("is valid for didLogin") {
                let id = UserNotification.didLogin.id
                assert(id).to(equal("notifications.user.didLogin"))
            }
            
            it("is valid for didLogout") {
                let id = UserNotification.didLogout.id
                assert(id).to(equal("notifications.user.didLogout"))
            }
            
            it("is valid for loginStateDidChange") {
                let id = UserNotification.loginStateDidChange.id
                assert(id).to(equal("notifications.user.loginStateDidChange"))
            }
        }
        
        describe("notification name") {
            
            it("is valid for didLogin") {
                let notification = UserNotification.didLogin
                let name = Notification.Name.user(notification)
                assert(name.rawValue).to(equal(notification.id))
            }
            
            it("is valid for didLogout") {
                let notification = UserNotification.didLogout
                let name = Notification.Name.user(notification)
                assert(name.rawValue).to(equal(notification.id))
            }
            
            it("is valid for loginStateDidChange") {
                let notification = UserNotification.loginStateDidChange
                let name = Notification.Name.user(notification)
                assert(name.rawValue).to(equal(notification.id))
            }
        }
    }
}

However, this code would still be a pain to maintain. Each new case would require you to add more code, with the additional risk of copy/paste bugs etc.

Iterate over a fixed array

You could simplify the test suite above by creating an array with all enum cases:

import Quick
import Nimble
import MyLibrary

class UserNotificationsTests: QuickSpec {
    
    override func spec() {

        let notifications: [UserNotification] = [.didLogin, .didLogout, .loginStateDidChange]

        describe("id") {

            it("is valid for all notifications") {
                notifications.forEach {
                    expect($0.id).to(equal("notifications.user.\($0.rawValue)"))
                }
            }
        }
        
        describe("notification name") {

            it("is valid for all notifications") {
                notifications.forEach {
                    let name = Notification.Name.user($0)
                    expect(name.rawValue).to(equal($0.id))
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

However, this would still require you to remember to add new cases to the array. It’s tedious…and completely unnecessary, since we now have the brand new CaseIterable to help us out.

Using CaseIterable

CaseIterable is a Swift 4.2 protocol that adds an allCases property to enums that implement it. With it, we can reduce the amount of code we have to write in our tests.

First, make UserNotification implement CaseIterable like this:

public enum UserNotification: String, CaseIterable {
    
    ...
}

You can now reduce the test suite by using allCases instead:

import Quick
import Nimble
import MyLibrary

class UserNotificationsTests: QuickSpec {
    
    override func spec() {

        describe("id") {

            it("is valid for all notifications") {
                UserNotification.allCases.forEach {
                    expect($0.id).to(equal("notifications.user.\($0.rawValue)"))
                }
            }
        }
        
        describe("notification name") {

            it("is valid for all notifications") {
                UserNotification.allCases.forEach {
                    let name = Notification.Name.user($0)
                    expect(name.rawValue).to(equal($0.id))
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Another benefit is that you don’t have to remember to write new tests every time you add a new case.

Internally iterable enums

If your enum is public, but you only want to use the CaseIterable capabilities within your library and tests, you can make the implementation internal:

public enum UserNotification: String {   

    ...
}

extension UserNotification: CaseIterable {}

To make this available to your tests, your must now use @testable import:

import Quick
import Nimble
@testable import MyLibrary

class UserNotificationsTests: QuickSpec {
    
    ...
}

This means that you can benefit from CaseIterable capabilities in your library and tests, without having to expose them outside these boundaries. You can also add the CaseIterable extension to the test bundle instead of the public project.

Conclusion

CaseIterable makes it really easy to test your enums, for instance to verify that certain properties or functions behave correctly for all cases.

Note that not all enums can implement CaseIterable. If your enum cases have parameters, you can’t, since there are an infinite amount of potential cases.